Unit four research.

**Mark Twain**
1- What does his name mean: It means it's safe to navigate. It came from when he became a river pilot.
2- His real name: Samuel Langhorne Clemens
3- Why his books are controversial: Huckelyberry Finn was probably the most controversial because it had been used in many classrooms but now it is banned from many schools. It is said the be very racial when dealing with slavery. People think that kids will get the wrong idea's from him writings.
4- Facts: His father died when he was 12, when he was 17 he left home to go be a printer, then ended up being a river pilot. Started his writing for a news paper. Wrote 28 short stories, letters, and sketches.

Irony- a technique of indicating, as through character or plot development, an intention or attitude opposite to that which is actually or ostensibly stated.
**it's like sarcasm if someone would say "My weekend was great, I had to work the whole time" they are actually meaning that they didn't want to work all weekend and it wasn't nice.

Jules Verne- was a french writer who helped start the science fiction genre. He wrote about air travel and submarines before they were invented. Some of his famous writing are. "From the Earth to the Moon", "Twenty Thousand leagues Under the Sea", and " A Journey to the Center of the Earth"
He and mark twain were both influenced many people and made them think about thins that they had not before.

Unit Three

Gothic Literature- Characterized by grotesque characters, bizar situations, and violent events. Originated in Europe. 19th century. Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne

Romantic Writers- Limitation of reason(breaking away from puritan) Individual spirit. Celebration emotions, and imagination. Basic elements of human nature. The splendor of nature. The super natural
Atmosphere, sentiment, optimism.

Transcendentalism- Derived from German romanticism, based on belief that transcendent forms of truth exist beyond reason and experience(starting to believe it wasn't god in control)
* every individual is capable of discovering this higher truth on his or her own through intuition.

Gothic Architecture- Irregularly placed towers, high stained glass windows, inspire awe and fear,*gargoyles- they will send away evil spirits. * imaginative distortion of reality.

American Gothic- * Threshold of the unknown, shadowy region where the fantastic demonic and insane reside
* Dark side of individualism ( no one is good)
*Romantic sees hope, Gothic see's potential evil
*Poe- Dark and evil castles, decaying ancient estates: setting for weird and terrifying events
- Insane male- beautiful dead/ dying girl
- His plots involve extreme situations. live burials, physical and mental torture retribution from grave
- Hawthorn and Poe, human conditions, fear greed vanity mistrust and betrayal.


**The Devil and Tom Walker**
- treasure buried under a big tree by Kidd the p irate
-Tom walker and his wife were miserable
-Devil lived under tree
-Tom decided to take shortcut through forest
-Found an old fort from the Indians
-Found skull in ground
- A man told him to leave skull alone
-the man was cutting down tree's
-Tom and the Man(devil) made a deal
-Tom's wife wanted to be part of the deal but she was killed
-Tom didn't really care
- He became rich and wanted to turn his life around but couldn't because he sold his soul to the devil
-the devil came on a horse to get him when he died.

**Danse Macabre**
-dance of death
-scary part is the suspense and not knowing what is going to happen
-curiosity

**The masque of the read death**
-Allegory: a work with two layers or meaning; most things also represent an abstract idea or quality
- the abbey was safety
- the seven rooms was like the path to death,which is life.
-clock is confusion
-stranger, being afraid, death.
*the clock shows that you can't stop death, the rooms are life until you reach the last one (the black one with red windows) Poe is trying to say everyone is going to die no matter who they are.

**the raven**
-seen as a prophecy, associated with mystery, evil omens and death.
- END RHYME: similar or identical sounds at ends of lines
- INTERNAL RHYME: within the line
- RHYME SCHEME: basic pattern of the end rhymes

**the signal man- Charles dickens**
-specter- ghost.
*guy works train signal for a tunnel he keeps on seeing freaky things happen(ghost) than he thinks its a ghost but it's real and the train runs him over.

**The fall of the house of usher**
*POE- though you had to have your story planned out before you wrote it.
-Unity of effect, everything all ties into one feeling *strange and fantastic, terror
-Mood feeling of atmosphere.
*SETTING- "There was an iciness, a sinking, a sickening of the heart."(Poe 475)
"- upon the remodelled an inverted images of the gray sedge, and the ghastly tree-stems, and the vacant and eye like windows."(poe 475)
*NARARATOR- "I paused to think- what was it so unnerved me in the contemplation of the House of Usher" (poe 475)
"I accordingly obeyed forth with what i still considered a very sigular summons."(poe 476)
*IDK! "Feeble gleams of encrimsoned light made their way through the trellissed panes."(poe 478)
* The narorator comes because his friend wrote him a letter. Rodrick is very sick and so is his sister ( a family curse) Rodrick has very highted senses and is very sesitive, his sister randomly goes into a coma. So rodrick decided to barry his sister while she is in a coma so the curse would be ended. She gets out of the grave and than the house falls down and they both die. The house like died and ended the curse.